John Adams Cornish was born towards the end of 1887, the fifth of the six sons
of William and Anne (Annie) Cornish. William was the long serving headmaster of
the Luckett Board School and it was in the School House at Luckett that John
lived for all of his life in the area. In 1911(4th April) he was living in London at 75, Sheen Road,
Richmond with his cousin, George Adams and his family. At this time John was an
accounts clerk and, given subsequent events, this is likely to have been at the
Board of Trade. Sometime after this date he was transferred to the Board
of Trade Labour Department (West Midlands Division) in Birmingham and he was
there at the outbreak of the war.
When war was
declared in August 1914, it did not take long for John Adams Cornish to enlist
and he signed up in Birmingham for service. This was into the third of three
battalions of Birmingham Pals raised by a Local Recruiting Committee chaired by
the Lord Mayor. He was one of the thousands of men who enlisted in the early
months of the war, leading to the creation of many new battalions of the
so-called Kitchener Army. All of the men in these units were volunteers
and were recruited from specific localities, largely of groups of friends:
mates from school, workmates, sports teams, etc. hence the name ‘Pals’
regiments. The folly of creating the Pals battalions was revealed as the war
progressed and as town after town heard the news of catastrophic losses among
their local units.
Initially known as the 3rd Birmingham
Battalion, it first trained at Moseley and while there was given the title 16th
(Service) Battalion, the Royal Warwickshire Regiment. It then moved to Malvern for continued
training, followed by some time at Wharfedale and finally Codford, on Salisbury
Plain, where large training and
transfer camps were established for the tens of thousands of troops waiting to
move to France. The Battalion sailed to France, landing at
Boulogne on 21st November 1915, which is the date shown on John Adam’s Medal
Roll for his formal entry into the France and Flanders Theatre of War.
Initially the 16th Battalion was part of 95th Brigade, 32nd Division but the following
month the Division was reorganised by swapping battalions between it and the
veteran 5th Division. The idea was to ‘stiffen’ the new troops by mixing
them with the veterans (though the 5th Division itself consisted largely of
fresh replacements after its mauling in the 2nd Battle of Ypres in the spring
of 1915). The 16th Battalion was transferred to the 15th Brigade in 5th
Division. The 14th Battalion went to the 13th Brigade and the 15th Battalion to
the 14th Brigade - this placed all three Birmingham Pals battalions in the same
unit.
While
training in England group photographs were taken of these Battalions and these were
later published in 'Birmingham City Battalions Book of Honour'. As an original member
of the 16th Battalion John Adams Cornish appears in one of these pictures. This
shows that he was in B Company, Platoon VIII and was already a Corporal before
leaving England. While the book says who is in each picture it does not say where
there are in it. Luckily he was a Corporal then and, as he is the only Corporal
in the picture, he can be identified by the two stripes on his sleeve.
 |
| 16th Battalion, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, B Company, Platoon VIII. |
 |
| Corporal John Adams Cornish, 4th from the left, front row. |
 |
| Corporal John Adams Cornish. |
After
arriving in France the Battalion moved to Longpré, a few miles south-west of
Abbeville where it underwent further training before moving to the Bray sector
of the front. It first held trenches near Carnoy from 16th December 1915 and
was in the front line over Christmas and New Year, suffering its first
casualties during this period. On Christmas Day, men from B Company (John
Adam’s Company) were employed digging new support trenches behind Carnoy. The
area came under heavy shelling from German 5.9 Howitzers which resulted in nine
casualties, mostly from Number VIII Platoon (John Adam’s Platoon). Four men
were killed outright and two more died of wounds the same day. On 27th
December, the battalion was relieved and returned from the front line to Bray
sur Somme, where, presumably, they could open their parcels from home and enjoy
their Christmas dinner. However their respite was short-lived as on 30th
December, they returned to the ‘C2’ sector of trenches in front of Carnoy. By
the time the 16th Battalion were finally relieved on 1st February 1916, the
month of January had seen nine men killed and thirteen wounded.
In March
1916 the 16th Battalion moved to the Arras sector, where, over the next few
months, it alternated between holding trenches and resting in billets until
moving to take part in the Battle of the Somme. The total casualties of the 16th
whilst on the Arras front amounted to: nine killed in action, two died of
wounds, one died of sickness and forty-one wounded. As it left the Arras front
it was still predominantly made up of original volunteers from October 1914.
The
Battle of the Somme started on July 1st 1916 and for the first few
weeks of the month the 16th were held in reserve, although this did
not prevent them sustaining casualties during the persistent bombardment from
German shellfire. During the evening of 26th July, the 16th
Battalion, as did the rest of the 15th Brigade, prepared to resume
the offensive against Longueval and Delville Wood, which was due to begin at
07.10 am the following day. Both sides kept up their heavy artillery barrages
and the infantry attack would take place within a curtain of incessant
shellfire. At 06.10 am British artillery
was brought to bear on Longueval and Delville Wood and at 07.10 am, Zero Hour,
the barrage was to leap forward at three intervals of 90 minutes. The infantry
were then to rush forward and consolidate each time until the village and wood
were cleared. However, the German defenders had dug in well and emerged from
the British barrage to provide withering resistance. It was a day of attrition
but, gradually as the day wore on, the 15th Brigade slowly gained
more and more of their targeted gains. As the Batallion War Diary shows, the 16th
were at the heart of the action and their casualties for the Other Ranks for
this action were: 42 killed, 179 wounded and 46 missing. John Adams Cornish was
one of those missing, presumed killed in action. His body was never recovered.
John Adams Cornish is commemorated on the Thiepval Memorial (Pier and Face 9A 9B and 10B).
 |
| Detail from Thiepval Memorial. |
He is also commemorated on the
Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) ‘virtual’ memorial and on the Board of
Trade Roll of Honour. The original of the latter went missing during WW2 and a
replacement replica of which is now in place in the main entrance area of the
DTI in 1, Victoria Street, London.
 |
| Board of Trade Roll of Honour, London. |
 |
| Detail from the Board of Trade Roll of Honour. |
The following notice appeared in the Cornwall and
Devon Post on 26th August 1916:
SERGT. J.A. CORNISH, LUCKETT.
Mr and Mrs W.H. Cornish, the School House, Luckett, have received news that
their fifth son (Sergt. John Adams Cornish of the Warwicks), was killed in
action on July 27th. He was a Kitchener man and joined the 3rd
Birmingham Battalion at the outbreak of war, Previously Sergt. Cornish held a
Civil Service appointment in Birmingham. Much sympathy is extended to Mr. and Mrs Cornish, whose youngest son (Second
Lieut. Eric Cornish) is now at the front, while two other sons are in the navy.